Research Guides: Biology: Cite Your Sources

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Instruction covers 5 levels of difficulty. Explanations, video cases, examples, reflections, and practice with feedback are arranged from simple to complex (basic to expert levels).

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Start with Basic Level, and then proceed to more difficult levels.

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Council of Science Editors (CSE)

CSE Style includes formatting for the two most common types of citations included in research papers:

In-Text Citations: citations within the text of the paper.
Reference Citations: a list of reference citations at the end of the paper.

CSE Biology Citation Style Guide
From Willamette University
Council of Science Editors Documentation Style
From the University of Wisconsin- Madison

American Psychological Association (APA)

The APA (American Psychological Association) Style Manual is most commonly used by writers of social science papers. It offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, tables, and reference pages.

Quick reference and examples can be found below in these guides created by APA itself, and other universities:

APA Style Guide
APA Documentation Guide | The Writing Center at University of Wisconsin Madison
Purdue OWL: APA Formatting and Style Guide
Purdue University's Online Writing Lab is the go-to trusted resource for quick and easy to understand information on writing style and citation.
APA Style Blog
Tips for some of the many common citation types, as well as some of the more confusing material types to cite.

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by American Psychological Association Staff
Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2010x
ISBN: 1433805618
Publication Date: 2009-07-15

American Medical Association (AMA)

The American Medical Association Manual of Style, 10th edition, is the authoritative guide for writing AMA style papers, with detailed information on how to format papers, cite sources, and prepare an article for publication.

Quick reference and examples can be found below in these guides created by several other universities:

George Washington University AMA Style Guide
Tips and example for AMA style broken down by source type.
AMA Style Insider Blog
AMA Style Insider is the official blog of the AMA Manual of Style and features quizzes, interviews, and ruminations on style, usage, and punctuation. Brought to you by The JAMA Network.

AMA Manual of Style by Cheryl Iverson (Editor); Stacy Christiansen (Editor); Annette Flanagin (Editor); JAMA and Archives Journals Staff (Editor)
Call Number: R119 .A533 2007
ISBN: 0195176332
Publication Date: 2007-03-15

National Library of Medicine (NLM)

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) has developed its one style guide for medical citation.

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (2nd edition) 2007.

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers
Citing Medicine provides assistance to authors in compiling lists of references for their publications, to editors in revising such lists, to publishers in setting reference standards for their authors and editors, and to librarians and others in formatting bibliographic citations.

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